Scrutinize your presence on Facebook

NEW YORK?? Here's one way to sum up 2011: I added 71 people as Facebook friends, shared 26 links and commented on 98 of my friends' status updates. I was tagged in 33 photos and added 18 of my own to the site.

I also attempted to keep up with Facebook's endless redesigns, most recently with the introduction of Timeline. With it, your Facebook profile offers highlights from your past, not just your recent happenings. Last week, I urged all of you to carefully curate your Timelines to avoid coming across as vain or revealing forgotten skeletons.

This week, I will go through other ways to manage your life on Facebook.

It's good to take stock of your Facebook presence from time to time, given how quickly the site changes its features and settings and how easily many of us add people to our lists of friends. Even if you haven't switched to Timeline yet, you can still follow these steps to review what you're really revealing about yourself.

Who are your friends?
In the early days, I was very judicious about whom I accepted as Facebook friends. People I hadn't met in person, relatives I hadn't spoken to in years and friends who simply annoyed me didn't make the cut. Now, my friends list includes people I haven't been in touch with since college and others I met only once at a party, wedding or trip.

Do all of them need to know ? or even care ? that I started watching "How I Met Your Mother" or ate an undercooked hot dog at 3 a.m.? Should they see photos of me at a recent holiday bash?

Maybe not.

Now is a good time to go through your friends list to see who ought to disappear. A friend's significant other long after they broke up? An acquaintance who has 1,000 friends and never interacts with you on Facebook? People who tighten their privacy settings so much that you see no more than any stranger would?

Gone, goodbye, nice to know you. Facebook won't alert the friends you drop.

All friends not created equal
You may want to share an ultrasound of your fetus only with family members, or share party photos with close friends. Other rants and milestones may be appropriate for everyone.

Facebook has new tools to make it easier to create subgroups such as family and co-workers. Start by going to "lists" on the left side of your Facebook home page (you may have to click on "more" to see it).

Facebook had automatically added 103 of my friends to a "New York Area" list and suggested dozens of others who hadn't told Facebook their location. The suggestions were surprisingly accurate; the inaccurate ones were for those who used to live in New York but have moved on. I added 31 so that I can broadcast New York happenings only to them and spare my Californian and European friends.

Next came "Close Friends." Again, the tool was pretty good at suggesting people with whom I have interacted the most, online and offline. One factor is whether you've appeared in photos together. Facebook won't reveal who made your list of close friends, so don't worry about keeping people off.

I went through a similar exercise for "Family," choosing to include only the closer ones I'd share more with. In this case, those you're adding will be told, so if you don't want that known, create a new list rather use the one Facebook already set up.

To do that, click "lists," then "Create List." I added one for cousins, two for college, one for work, one for my running group and one for those I still see from my days in Washington.

Some people are in multiple groups, others in none. These lists make it easier to share posts with only a subset of my Facebook friends. I can also use the lists to see only posts from specific groups.

Facebook also has a "Restricted" list where you can dump those you don't want to share much with. Facebook promises not to reveal who gets added.

What are you sharing?
Update your biographical information. The current city is important because it's what Facebook uses to create the list of nearby friends. Now is also the time to say if your work has changed or if you no longer want your birthday revealed.

Look for the globe icon if you want to share certain details only with certain people, such as friends of friends or those on one of your lists.

You should also go through your lists of favorite books, music and TV shows. Replace Milli Vanilli with Justin Bieber if you want to seem youthful and hip.

While you're at it, pare down the companies and products you've decided to "like" over the years. Be careful about what you're endorsing. Facebook may use your name and profile photo next to ads that your friends see. So if you've liked Target's page, for example, your friends could see your photo next to an ad from Target.

Controlling what you share
Look for the arrow at the upper left corner and select "Account Settings."

Begin with "General" on the left and check to make sure everything's up to date. Click "Edit" if you need to change anything such as your email address.

Then go one by one down the list on your left. If you're not sure what something is, click "Edit" for details. Under "Apps," get rid of apps you no longer use so that they will no longer have access to your data. Under "Notifications," choose what types of activities Facebook sends you alerts on.

After that, go back to that arrow and select "Privacy Settings."

Under "How You Connect," you can make it more difficult for people to reach you by restricting their ability to send you messages or make friend requests. You can also prevent people from posting on your profile. You can tweak "How Tags Work" and insist on reviewing photos or posts others tag you in before they appear on your profile. In most cases, you can find out more about what's happening by clicking on the item.

Finally, think about whether you want your list of friends visible to strangers on Facebook. If you have switched to Timeline, click on "See All" within your box of friends, then click "Edit" to narrow who sees it. For traditional profiles, hover over the friends box and click on the pencil that emerges. Then click on the globe next to your friends.

Checking it twice
Test how others see your profile by going to "View As..." at the top of the profile. Those with Timeline should first click the wheel next to "Activity Log." Enter the name of a close friend, a co-worker or a random acquaintance to make sure no one is seeing too much. Click "public" to see how everyone else sees the profile.

Facebook changes so often, so don't be surprised that by the time you figure it all out, the service unveils another redesign that may affect what you've already done. There used to be a way to prevent everyone from sending you friend requests, for instance. I'm now limited to blocking specific individuals.

It's good to go through this exercise on a regular basis ? annually, quarterly or more often if you can. Be mindful that Facebook pushes for more openness, so the restrictions available today might be gone tomorrow.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45809138/ns/technology_and_science-security/

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Hackers, IT units focusing on smartphone security (Reuters)

BERLIN (Reuters) ? Mobile phones, long seen as safe amid rising threats to computer security, have become a key target for hackers and an increasing worry for corporate IT departments.

While the first mobile virus dates back to June 2004, risks from hackers remained limited because of the relatively small size of the market.

But this has changed recently with the surge in the smartphone segment, which this year outgrew the PC market, and the new dominance of Google's Android software.

The emergence of mobile payments, which allows shoppers simply to swipe their phones at a cash register, is whetting the interest of hackers and data thieves.

"Mobile security has become a major concern since smartphone transactions are now of much higher value, including corporate data access, managing personal finances and online purchases," said Steven Nathasingh, chief of U.S. research firm Vaxa Inc.

Most consumers have not protected their smartphones. Fewer than 5 percent of smartphones and tablets are installed with security software, according to Juniper Research.

The research firm expects to see a surge in demand with the total annual market for mobile security software growing to $3.6 billion by 2016.

"With more and more mobile devices being hijacked without the owner's knowledge, the risk of identity theft and personal financial loss is intensifying," said Peter Davin, chief executive of Cryptzone.

A study by consultancy Deloitte this week showed that companies in the technology, media and telecom sector expect data stored on staff mobile devices to be their biggest security headache in 2012.

"Employees should be made aware that using a personal device to access corporate data may also have personal implications," said Cryptzone's Davin. "For example if the device is lost, stolen or clandestinely taken over, the organization may decide to wipe data."

In the United States alone, 113 mobile phones are lost every minute, according to research firm Gartner.

For most attacks criminals would need to install software on a victim's phone.

But at a hackers' convention this week Karsten Nohl, a well-known expert on mobile phone security, demonstrated how to get remote control of a phone and sent text messages and made calls from phones to which he had no access.

Nohl used a vulnerability in the GSM network technology -- which is used by billions of people in about 80 percent of the global mobile market -- which operators can patch in their networks, but which is not done by most carriers.

(Editing by David Cowell)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/security/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111230/tc_nm/us_mobile_security

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If there’s one thing TiPb loves even more than iPhones and iPads, it’s giving cool iPhone and iPad devices, accessories, and apps to our awesome readers. This week we...

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Breast Cancer Radiation Linked to Raised Heart Risk (HealthDay)

TUESDAY, Dec. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Women who have breast cancer on the left side of the body and who are treated with radiation therapy have a higher risk of developing narrowing of the arteries that lead to the heart, researchers say.

A new Swedish study found that the risk of having moderately narrowed coronary arteries was more than four times greater for women who had left-sided breast cancers treated with radiation compared to right-sided breast cancers treated with radiation. The odds were seven times higher for more severe narrowing on the left side versus the right, according to the study published in the Dec. 27 online edition of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

"We suggest that the coronary arteries be regarded as organs at risk in radiation therapy, and that every effort be made to avoid radiation dose to the coronary arteries," wrote study authors led by Dr. Greger Nilsson, of the department of oncology, radiology and clinical immunology at Uppsala University Hospital.

However, it's also important to note that of a group of 8,190 women who had breast cancer, just 199 had to be referred for coronary angiography (a treatment for blocked blood vessels).

"Women need to be aware that there is a risk, but the overall risk is still relatively small, and the benefits of radiation in the treatment of breast cancer still outweigh the risks," said Dr. Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

Cancer treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy, are designed to destroy cancer cells. Unfortunately, healthy cells are often damaged, too. Treatment techniques are constantly being refined, and today's treatments target fewer healthy cells than treatments from years past.

For example, newer radiation techniques help protect the heart and the arteries leading to it, according to Dr. Timothy Zagar, an assistant professor in radiation oncology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. One such technique is to give bursts of radiation only when a patient is taking a deep breath. During a deep breath, the main artery going to the heart separates from the breast and chest wall, which keeps it away from the radiation.

Zagar, co-author of an accompanying editorial in the same issue of the journal, said researchers don't know exactly how radiation causes damage to coronary arteries, but it's believed to damage the cells lining the arteries (endothelial cells), which causes inflammation, which can lead to hardening of the arteries.

The current study included women from Sweden who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1970 and 2003. Of the 8,190 women, the researchers found 199 women who had undergone coronary angiography, suggesting significant coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery narrowing (stenosis) is graded on a scale of zero to 5. Zero indicates a healthy blood vessel, while 5 indicates a blocked blood vessel.

When the researchers compared women who'd had radiation treatment on the left side of their body versus the right, they found that the odds of a grade 3 to grade 5 stenosis in a left-sided artery were 4.38 times higher. The odds of a grade 4 or grade 5 stenosis were 7.22 times higher for women who had left-sided breast cancer.

In women who received radiation in high-risk areas near the heart's arteries, the risk of a grade 3 to grade 5 stenosis was nearly twice as high as it was in women who had radiation in low-risk areas, or who didn't have radiation.

Zagar pointed out that this study was done over a long period of time and that changes in the way radiation is delivered would likely result in lower odds of coronary artery stenosis for women treated with radiation today.

In addition, Zagar said, "I don't think this study's findings would justify changing from a lumpectomy [breast-conserving surgery] to a mastectomy [surgical removal of the breast]. Breast-conserving therapy is very important to many women, and the number of coronary events are still low," he added.

"It's important to understand that with all treatments, there are risks," Bernik said. "And, we know that this is one of the risks with radiation of left-sided breast cancer. Women need to keep in mind that they're at increased risk of coronary events and need to follow up with their doctor going forward."

More information

Learn more about radiation treatment for cancer from the U.S. National Cancer Institute.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/cancer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20111227/hl_hsn/breastcancerradiationlinkedtoraisedheartrisk

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Go Daddy Becomes Example in SOPA Backlash (NewsFactor)

Go Daddy is backpedaling over its support of the "Stop Online Piracy Act," or SOPA, that's working its way through Congress. It may be too little, too late. But is Go Daddy being unfairly boycotted for its involvement in the bill just because it's perhaps the most visible and largest domain registrar?

SOPA, also known as HR 3261, essentially gives U.S. law enforcement and copyright holders more room to fight online trafficking in copyrighted intellectual property and counterfeit goods.

The original bill would pave the way for the Department of Justice and copyright holders to seek court orders against Web sites that infringe on copyrights. SOPA opponents say the bill amounts to Internet censorship and tramples First Amendment rights.

As part of the firestorm, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales tweeted that Go Daddy's position on SOPA was not acceptable. News reports indicate that more than 70,000 domain names moved away from Go Daddy last week in response to its support of SOPA. And with a Reddit user working to organize Dump Go Daddy Day on Dec. 29, the bleeding could grow worse.

Changing Tunes

Go Daddy issued a formal statement on Dec. 23 hoping to stem the tide of defectors. Go Daddy admits that it initially supported the bill. In fact, Go Daddy and its general counsel, Christine Jones, said they worked with federal lawmakers for months to help craft revisions to legislation first introduced some three years ago.

"Fighting online piracy is of the utmost importance, which is why Go Daddy has been working to help craft revisions to this legislation -- but we can clearly do better," said Warren Adelman, Go Daddy's newly appointed CEO. "It's very important that all Internet stakeholders work together on this. Getting it right is worth the wait. Go Daddy will support it when and if the Internet community supports it."

Go Daddy said Jones has fought to express the concerns of the entire Internet community and to improve the bill by proposing changes to key defined terms, limitations on DNS filtering to ensure the integrity of the Internet, more significant consequences for frivolous claims and specific provisions to protect free speech.

Stuck in the Middle

Now Go Daddy competitors are getting in on the battle, perhaps sensing an opportunity to capture some of the momentum from the bad PR. Namecheap is accusing Go Daddy of blocking name transfers to its servers.

"Go Daddy appears to be returning incomplete WHOIS information to Namecheap, delaying the transfer process. This practice is against ICANN rules," the company wrote on its blog. "We at Namecheap believe that this action speaks volumes about the impact that informed customers are having on Go Daddy's business.

"It's a shame that Go Daddy feels they have to block their (former) customers from voting with their dollars. We can only guess that at Go Daddy, desperate times call for desperate measures."

Zeus Kerravala, principal analyst at ZK Research, sees this as a sign of how competitive the name registrar landscape has grown. Go Daddy, because of its advertising, is the most visible domain name registrar and is now being targeted, in part, because of its popularity.

"It's very easy to transfer a domain name to a new supplier," Kerravala said. "So far as SOPA, the DOJ needs to figure out what they want to enforce and what they don't. Technically it is a violation of First Amendment rights, but they can't go unmonitored completely."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/internet/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nf/20111227/tc_nf/81545

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denverpost: Utah woman and son rescued from hostage situation after woman seeks help via #Facebook post: http://t.co/TageQYr6

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38 Haitian migrants die when boat sinks off Cuba (AP)

HAVANA ? Cuba says 38 Haitian migrants have died after a boat they were in sank off the island's eastern coast.

According to an official communique read out on state television, 87 others were rescued by Cuban civil defense forces after Saturday's shipwreck, including four children. A search was on for more survivors.

The boat was spotted in the sea off Cuba's Guantanamo province, some 590 miles (950 kilometers) from Havana. The province is home to the U.S. naval base where terror suspects are held.

It was not clear where the Haitians were heading, though Cuba likely was not their intended destination. The dead included 21 men and 17 women, according to the communique.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/latam/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111225/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/cb_cuba_haitian_migrants

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Tsunami debris already arriving, B.C. mayor says

The coastal community of Tofino, B.C., spent the Christmas season mentally preparing for the grim task of collecting, sorting and cataloguing debris from the tsunami that devastated parts of coastal Japan early this year.

Mayor Perry Schmunk is certain that items that were washed away in the March 11 disaster in northern Japan have already made it to B.C. shores, in particular at the surfing capital of Long Beach.

"Definitely this stuff is increasing in incidence that is coming ashore," Schmunk said, pointing to some lumber with Japanese export stamps on it.

Although plastic water bottles with Japanese labels began washing ashore near Tofino at the beginning of December, some locals believed them to be typical ocean garbage.

Schmunk said that what has appeared since then is definitely not the normal garbage.

"There [are] some personal items starting to show up, things like a toothbrush, socks ? that sort of thing. Again, not the typical bottles," he told CBC News on Monday.

He said it is just the tip of a massive amount of debris predicted to be shifted by ocean currents toward the B.C. coast in 2014.

"We are starting communication with the other government agencies because, potentially, this will be a much bigger problem than us at the municipal level can respond to," Schmunk said.

B.C. has jurisdiction over hazards, bodies

The B.C. government has said it will begin working with national and municipal officials in January to prepare for arrival of the debris, but the task could be overwhelming even with strong federal co-operation and support.

"We're starting those conversations with the different agencies involved, namely, the Ministry of Environment, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Integrated Land Management Bureau, which in B.C. is responsible for the beaches themselves, and the Emergency Management Agency of B.C."

Schmunk said that the province has jurisdiction over many potential health and safety matters that could arise, including testing debris for possible radioactive contamination from the Fukushima nuclear reactor ruptures.

The province would also handle human remains that are found anywhere on the coast.

As many as 21,000 people were killed in the earthquake and tsunami, and the bodies of approximately 8,500 of those have not yet been recovered.

Schmunk said that many of the personal effects that wash ashore could have belonged to the victims, and would hold a great deal of significance for surviving family members.

"We'll look to handle a lot of what could come ashore with some great sensitivity," Schmunk said.

"We are asking everybody that does come in contact with anything that does come ashore that they deal with it with respect."

Website of photos proposed

Volunteers in and around the town of Tofino have so far been collecting debris combed from the beaches, but it isn't a large volume so far.

Schmunk has proposed that photos of the finds could be posted online.

"Some of the residents in town, myself included, have photographed these items and we'll probably create a common website so that people can search through these photos," he said.

"There's definitely the potential for some of the stuff that comes ashore to be of significant personal value."

In October, scientists in Hawaii estimated that as much as 18 million tonnes of material could have been washed into the ocean, and estimated the debris field to be spread out over an area the size of the state of California.

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/12/26/bc-tofino-tsunami-debris.html?cmp=rss

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Air India eyes $230-m bridge loan facility

New Delhi, Dec 24:?

With the first of the 27 Boeing 787 Dreamliners for Air India expected to arrive next month, the cash-strapped national carrier has decided to sell and leaseback seven of them and has started looking for bridge financing worth $230 million.

While the first of these much-delayed planes would be delivered by the American manufacturer in January, the second one would come in March, the third in April and two each in May and June, official sources said.

The Air India board has already decided to go for sale of these aircraft to a lessor and immediate leaseback under an operating lease of 12 years with an option to extend the period, the sources said.

Under sale and leaseback arrangement, one party sells a property to a buyer, who immediately leases it back to the seller. The arrangement allows the initial buyer to make full use of the asset while not having capital tied up in it.

The sources said the airline required interim bridge financing for a period ranging between 6 and 12 months to accept delivery of the first two B787-8 planes and has invited offers from banks and financial institutions to arrange for $230 million or equivalent of cost of two planes.

The bridge loan facility would be repaid on conclusion of the sale and leaseback arrangement, they said.

Air India has made it clear to its would-be lenders that the bridge loan, covering 100 per cent cost of the aircraft would not be covered by government guarantees but the planes would be offered as security, the sources said.

Few months ago, the US Exim Bank decided to support Air India?s plane acquisition programme from Boeing to the total extent of $3.4 billion, including the B-787 Dreamliners.

A Group of Ministers headed by the Finance Minister, Mr Pranab Mukherjee, has already studied the airline?s financial restructuring and turnaround plans, which includes the proposal for sale and leaseback option to be adopted for the Dreamliners.

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Overweight 7-Year-Olds Face Higher Risk of Asthma (HealthDay)

FRIDAY, Dec. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Children who are overweight or obese during early childhood have a greater risk of having asthma at age 8 than normal-weight kids, a new study finds.

Researchers in Sweden followed more than 2,000 children for eight years, using preschool and school health records to track their height and weight at ages 1 year, 18 months, 4 years and 7 years. Parents completed questionnaires about their child's health, including asthma and allergy status.

Children who had persistently high BMI (body mass index) -- in the 85th percentile or above -- throughout early childhood, or who were normal-weight toddlers but gained weight and had a high BMI at age 7, were more likely to have asthma than kids who had a normal body weight.

However, kids who had a high BMI at an early age -- at 18 months or 4 years -- but slimmed down by age 7 were not at higher risk of asthma than other kids.

"If the children are only overweight during the early period before 4 years of age we do not see an increased risk of asthma during school age," said lead study author Jessica Magnusson, a Ph.D. student at the Institute of Environmental Medicine in Stockholm. "However, if they are persistently overweight, or overweight at a later age -- age 7 -- then there is an association with asthma at age 8."

Asthma, characterized by inflammation of the airways, may cause wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and trouble breathing.

The study is in the January issue of Pediatrics.

At age 8, about 6 percent of the kids in the study had asthma. Those overweight at age 4 and age 7 had a nearly 2.5 times greater risk of having asthma.

Researchers excluded kids who'd had early symptoms of wheezing or had been diagnosed with asthma prior to age 2.

Researchers also took into account parental history of asthma. A high BMI was associated with an increased risk of asthma only in kids without parental history of the disease, according to the study.

Researchers pointed out that their study does not show that being overweight or obese causes asthma. However, the march upward in childhood obesity rates has coincided with an increase in asthma rates, leading some to speculate that the two may be linked biologically.

One theory is that leptin, a hormone found in fat tissue, may contribute to an inflammatory immune response that could trigger asthma, which is a chronic inflammation of the airways.

A prior study found higher leptin levels in overweight children, and that even among overweight children with similar BMIs, kids with asthma tended to have higher leptin levels.

The current study also found an association between being overweight at age 7 and sensitization to airborne allergens. Sensitization, or the presence of certain antibodies in the blood, often indicates an allergy to a particular substance, but researchers did not track actual symptoms.

Getting control of a child's weight is important to prevent asthma and other conditions that are showing up more in kids, including diabetes and high cholesterol, said Nancy Copperman, director of public health initiatives in the Office of Community Health at North Shore-LIJ Health System in Great Neck, N.Y.

And obesity and asthma can feed off each another. Children experiencing asthma symptoms and having difficulty breathing may be less apt to participate in physical activity, while parents may worry about their asthmatic kids and not allow them to do certain things, such as run outside in the cold, Copperman said.

"What this study argues for is prevention," she said. "The kids who were heavier and got leaner didn't have the increased incidence of asthma, while those who were lean and got heavier or were heavy from the beginning did ... Obesity is not a cosmetic problem. It has real health consequences."

More information

The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry has more on childhood obesity.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weightloss/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20111224/hl_hsn/overweight7yearoldsfacehigherriskofasthma

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'Nanoantennas' show promise in optical innovations

ScienceDaily (Dec. 22, 2011) ? Researchers have shown how arrays of tiny "plasmonic nanoantennas" are able to precisely manipulate light in new ways that could make possible a range of optical innovations such as more powerful microscopes, telecommunications and computers.

The researchers at Purdue University used the nanoantennas to abruptly change a property of light called its phase. Light is transmitted as waves analogous to waves of water, which have high and low points. The phase defines these high and low points of light.

"By abruptly changing the phase we can dramatically modify how light propagates, and that opens up the possibility of many potential applications,"said Vladimir Shalaev, scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue's Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering.

Findings are described in a paper to be published online on Dec. 22 in the journal Science.

The new work at Purdue extends findings by researchers led by Federico Capasso, the Robert L. Wallace Professor of Applied Physics and Vinton Hayes Senior Research Fellow in Electrical Engineering at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. In that work, described in an October Science paper, Harvard researchers modified Snell's law, a long-held formula used to describe how light reflects and refracts, or bends, while passing from one material into another.

"What they pointed out was revolutionary," Shalaev said.

Until now, Snell's law has implied that when light passes from one material to another there are no abrupt phase changes along the interface between the materials. Harvard researchers, however, conducted experiments showing that the phase of light and the propagation direction can be changed dramatically by using new types of structures called metamaterials, which in this case were based on an array of antennas.

The Purdue researchers took the work a step further, creating arrays of nanoantennas and changing the phase and propagation direction of light over a broad range of near-infrared light. The paper was written by doctoral students Xingjie Ni and Naresh K. Emani, principal research scientist Alexander V. Kildishev, assistant professor Alexandra Boltasseva, and Shalaev.

The wavelength size manipulated by the antennas in the Purdue experiment ranges from 1 to 1.9 microns.

"The near infrared, specifically a wavelength of 1.5 microns, is essential for telecommunications," Shalaev said. "Information is transmitted across optical fibers using this wavelength, which makes this innovation potentially practical for advances in telecommunications."

The Harvard researchers predicted how to modify Snell's law and demonstrated the principle at one wavelength.

"We have extended the Harvard team's applications to the near infrared, which is important, and we also showed that it's not a single frequency effect, it's a very broadband effect," Shalaev said. "Having a broadband effect potentially offers a range of technological applications."

The innovation could bring technologies for steering and shaping laser beams for military and communications applications, nanocircuits for computers that use light to process information, and new types of powerful lenses for microscopes.

Critical to the advance is the ability to alter light so that it exhibits "anomalous" behavior: notably, it bends in ways not possible using conventional materials by radically altering its refraction, a process that occurs as electromagnetic waves, including light, bend when passing from one material into another.

Scientists measure this bending of radiation by its "index of refraction." Refraction causes the bent-stick-in-water effect, which occurs when a stick placed in a glass of water appears bent when viewed from the outside. Each material has its own refraction index, which describes how much light will bend in that particular material. All natural materials, such as glass, air and water, have positive refractive indices.

However, the nanoantenna arrays can cause light to bend in a wide range of angles including negative angles of refraction.

"Importantly, such dramatic deviation from the conventional Snell's law governing reflection and refraction occurs when light passes through structures that are actually much thinner than the width of the light's wavelengths, which is not possible using natural materials," Shalaev said. "Also, not only the bending effect, refraction, but also the reflection of light can be dramatically modified by the antenna arrays on the interface, as the experiments showed."

The nanoantennas are V-shaped structures made of gold and formed on top of a silicon layer. They are an example of metamaterials, which typically include so-called plasmonic structures that conduct clouds of electrons called plasmons. The antennas themselves have a width of 40 nanometers, or billionths of a meter, and researchers have demonstrated they are able to transmit light through an ultrathin "plasmonic nanoantenna layer" about 50 times smaller than the wavelength of light it is transmitting.

"This ultrathin layer of plasmonic nanoantennas makes the phase of light change strongly and abruptly, causing light to change its propagation direction, as required by the momentum conservation for light passing through the interface between materials," Shalaev said.

The work has been funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation's Division of Materials Research.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Purdue University. The original article was written by Emil Venere.

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Journal Reference:

1. Xingjie Ni, Naresh K. Emani, Alexander V. Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva, and Vladimir M. Shalaev. Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas. Science, 22 December 2011 DOI: 10.1126/science.1214686

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111222142459.htm

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Apple's Newstand Boosts Subscription Sales for Popular Science

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Apple's new Newsstand for iOS may be helping magazines boost their subscription sales, according to an AllThingsD report.

The site posts a chart that shows actual sales numbers for Popular Science.

The chart comes to us courtesy of Mag+, Bonnier's tablet-publishing software business. And as Mag+ CEO Staffan Ekholm points out, the really promising indicator for Pop Sci isn't the one-week sales leap of 13 percent - it's that the the magazine's growth picked up after that week, with more velocity.

Popular Science added 3,677 subscriptions the week Newsstand first launched. The week before it added only 389. The average following Newstand's launch is approximately 1394 new subscriptions per week.

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Stocks close higher; S&P turns positive for 2011

FILE - In this Dec. 20, 2011 file photo, specialist Jennifer Klesaris and trader Gregory Rowe work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Global stocks advanced Friday, Dec. 23, 2011, on further signs the U.S. economy is improving, but trading activity was muted as the traditional holiday slowdown began in earnest. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

FILE - In this Dec. 20, 2011 file photo, specialist Jennifer Klesaris and trader Gregory Rowe work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Global stocks advanced Friday, Dec. 23, 2011, on further signs the U.S. economy is improving, but trading activity was muted as the traditional holiday slowdown began in earnest. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

Stocks closed higher Friday after a quiet, pre-holiday session that turned the S&P 500 index positive for the year.

Traders were relieved by news that Congress extended a payroll tax holiday for workers and emergency unemployment benefits. Both programs were set to expire at the end of the year. Letting that happen would have reduced economic growth by about 1 percent, analysts said.

The final business day before Christmas also was the slowest full day of trading so far this year. Traders exchanged just 2.22 billion shares, about half of the recent average. The market will be closed on Monday because Christmas falls on a Sunday this year.

Stocks have risen steadily since Tuesday on hopeful signs about the pace of economic growth in the fourth quarter, which ends next week. New claims for unemployment benefits fell last week to the lowest level since April 2008, long before anyone realized the nation was in a recession.

A series of mixed economic reports Friday did little to derail that optimism. The Standard & Poor's 500 index added 11.33 points, or 0.9 percent, to 1,265.33. It started the year at 1,257.64.

Stocks might surge into the new year if the S&P 500 passes a couple of key technical thresholds, said Todd Salamone, research director at Schaeffer's Investment Research.

Fund managers currently hold relatively few stocks, Salamone noted, and many of their funds have underperformed the market and are negative for the year. If the index rises farther above its break-even point for the year or its average over the past several months, fund managers might flood into the market in a last-ditch attempt to improve their annual returns, he said.

"The worst thing that can happen for a fund manager is to underperform and be in the red when your benchmark, the S&P index, is in the green" for the year, Salamone said.

The Dow Jones industrial average rose 124.35 points, or 1 percent, to 12,294. Bank of America Corp. was the Dow's biggest gainer, adding 2.4 percent. All but two of the 30 Dow stocks rose, Alcoa Inc. and Boeing Co.

The Dow has risen 527.74 points, or 4.5 percent in the past four days. It was the first four-day winning streak for the Dow since mid-September.

The Nasdaq composite index gained 19.19 points, or 0.7 percent, to 2,618.64.

Earlier Friday, the government said that consumer spending and incomes barely grew in November. The weak gains suggest that consumers may have trouble sustaining their spending into 2012.

In another worrying sign, a measure of business investment decreased for the second straight month. Business investment has been a pocket of strong demand and spending amid a sluggish recovery. A tax break that encouraged companies to invest in new equipment and facilities expires at the end of the year.

Yet hopes for the economy remained high after this week's encouraging news about the job market and strong holiday sales for retailers.

Among the companies making big moves:

? Rambus Inc. jumped 12.2 percent after the technology licensing company said it reached a patent license deal with Broadcom Corp. and settled a lawsuit with the chip maker.

? TripAdvisor Inc. rose 6.1 percent, the most in the S&P 500, as traders reassessed the value of the newly-spun off travel review website. The stock had fallen sharply since it officially started trading on Wednesday. It recovered some losses on Friday as analysts weighed its rapidly growing revenue and market share.

? Eastman Kodak Co. rose 9.5 percent after the struggling photography company said its general counsel, Laura Quatela, would become co-president on Jan. 1.

____

Follow Daniel Wagner at www.twitter.com/wagnerreports.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2011-12-23-Wall%20Street/id-3b6c9a14a80d4c1184aac1057b00af4f

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Doomsday in 1 Year? Why the World Won't End on Dec. 21, 2012 (LiveScience.com)

A year from today the world will come to an end, according to some who cite the end of the Mayan Long Count calendar as evidence of a Dec. 21, 2012, apocalypse. But both astronomers and experts on Mesoamerican history say the Mayan apocalypse is likely to be another in a long line of failed doomsdays.

According to the Maya Long Count calendar, the winter solstice of 2012 ? Dec. 21, 2012 ?is the end of a b'ak'tun, a 144,000-day cycle that has repeated 12 times since the mythical Maya creation date. The b'ak'tun that will end in 2012 is the 13th, supposedly a full 5,200-year cycle of creation.

Because of this end date, a number of predictions have attached themselves to Dec. 21, from the end of the world via collision with a rogue planet, to the ushering in of a new world era. But neither historians nor astronomers put much credence in these predictions. [End of the World? Top Doomsday Fears]

Deciphering the Mayan calendar

In fact, according to archaeologists, it wasn't the Mayans who linked the end of the 13th b'ak'tun with the end of the world. According to Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History, when Judeo-Christians began to decipher Mayan writings, their preconceived notions of apocalypse and the end of the world led them to link Mayan calendar cycles with doomsday.

"A lot of the end-of-the-world mythologies are the result of Christian eschatology introduced by Franciscan missionaries," John Hoopes, a scholar of Maya history at the University of Kansas, told Livescience, referring to missionaries just entering the New World andcoming into contact with native people.

Maya scholars disagree on exactly how the Maya people would have interpreted the end of their calendar cycle, Hoopes said, though many say they would have seen it as a new beginning.

Astronomy anomalies

Many of the supposed 2012 doomsday scenarios involve astronomical phenomena: A rogue planet, solar storms or a planetary alignment. But NASA scientists say these aren't real threats.

One theory holds that a rogue body called "Planet X" or "Nibiru" will collide with Earth in 2012, snuffing out our planet. The only problem with this theory? Nibiru is made up.

"There's no evidence whatsoever that Nibiru exists," said Don Yeomans, manager of NASA's Near-Earth Object program office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., at a public talk?Dec. 8. Yeomans said theories that Nibiru is lurking behind our sun make no sense.

"We would have seen it years ago," he said.

Likewise, Yeomans said, there are no planetary alignments or other astronomical anomalies set for Dec. 21, 2012.

Our stormy sun

One doomsday theory based on perhaps a pinch of science involves the sun. After years of relative peace, the electromagnetic activity on the surface of the sun is heating up, according to NASA. Some fear that an enormous solar flare will engulf Earth or otherwise destroy us.

But this ramping up of activity is typical of our home star, explained Daniel Baker, the director of the laboratory for atmospheric and space physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in a talk at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union this month. [Gallery: Our Amazing Sun]

"The sun undergoes an approximately 11-year period of activity," Baker said. "It goes from very weak conditions, the solar minimum, to some very large solar maximum numbers."

The sun has been quiet even by solar minimum standards in recent years, Baker said. The upcoming maximum ? set to peak in 2013, not 2012 ? is expected to be average. Humans do have to watch out for solar storms, which can disrupt satellite communications and electrical grids here on Earth. Nonetheless, industries can prepare for solar storms, which is why agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have centers whose sole job is to predict these storms' coming.

Different industries adjust in different ways, said Rodney Viereck of the NOAA Space Environment Center. Airlines that rely on satellite communications will fly at latitudes where alternative forms of communication are possible. Industries dependent on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology will delay crucial activities. Power grids will adjust voltages to handle electromagnetic fluctuations.

2012: Just another year

Finally, theories abound online about one more scientific phenomenon and the 2012 apocalypse: a magnetic pole reversal on Earth. Believers worry that a flip-flop of the Earth's magnetic field will throw civilization back into the Stone Age, or perhaps destroy all life on the planet, by temporarily dropping the magnetic-field barrier to radiation from space. NASA scientists, however, say Earthlings can rest easy.

According to NASA, the planet's magnetic field reverses every 200,000 to 300,000 years, though we've currently gone more than twice that without a swap.

But these flips don't happen in an instant, according to the space agency. They occur over hundreds of thousands of years. The last reversal happened 780,000 years ago, according to NASA, and the fossil record shows no sign of any disruption in life.

You can follow LiveScience?senior writer Stephanie Pappas on Twitter @sipappas. Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience?and on Facebook.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/space/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20111221/sc_livescience/doomsdayin1yearwhytheworldwontendondec212012

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The Nicest Place on the Internet [Video]

The holidays are here. The year is finishing up. It's late. It's cold. It's about time to go to the nicest place on the Internet. Go here, get hugs and feel good. [The Nicest Place on the Internet via BuzzFeed] More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/rtdL3Zlp6MU/the-nicest-place-on-the-internet

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Spain auction, German data lift futures (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Stock index futures rose Tuesday, indicating equities will rebound from declines in the prior session as a drop in Spain's borrowing costs and unexpectedly positive data from Germany eased euro zone debt worries.

Short-term financing costs for struggling Spain more than halved as banks lapped up debt at an auction, with much of the purchasing power said to have come from cut-rate loans from the European Central Bank.

U.S. banks, plagued by concerns about exposure to the euro zone crisis, dragged U.S. stocks lower Monday, with losses accelerating late in the session. Bank of America Corp's (BAC.N) stock price fell below $5 for the first time in nearly three years.

Bank of America shares were up 2.3 percent to $5.10 and Citigroup Inc (C.N) added 1.9 percent to $25.30 in premarket trade.

Headlines and fluctuating bond prices out of the euro zone continued to spark high volatility. The market will be prone to large swings this week on expected low volume due to the upcoming Christmas holiday.

"We've seen pre-opening rallies dry out rather quickly as the mercurial mindset of investors dodges risk exposure," said Andre Bakhos, director of market analytics at Lek Securities in New York.

"The market is grasping for a tangible theme to take us positive into the new year with many remaining dour. An upside surprise would be the contrarian theme."

The Munich-based Ifo think-tank said German business sentiment rose sharply in December, defying expectations it would decline and underscoring the resilience of Europe's biggest economy.

The first-ever offer of three-year loans to banks from the European Central Bank on Wednesday is expected to be a strong indicator of whether debt-loaded countries get some relief or endure more pain.

S&P 500 futures climbed 12.8 points and were above fair value, a formula that evaluates pricing by taking into account interest rates, dividends and time to expiration on the contract. Dow Jones industrial average futures rose 100 points, and Nasdaq 100 futures added 26.25 points.

On the economic front, investors awaited housing starts and permits data for November. Economists in a Reuters survey forecast housing starts at a 635,000 annualized rate versus 628,000 in October. The data is due at 8:30 a.m. EST (1330 GMT).

AT&T Inc (T.N) lost 1 percent to $28.45 premarket after it dropped its controversial bid for T-Mobile USA, the Deutsche Telekom (DTEGn.DE) unit, bowing to fierce regulatory opposition.

After the close Monday, business software maker Red Hat Inc (RHT.N) forecast fourth-quarter revenue below expectations, hurt by a weaker euro.

Sempra Energy (SRE.N) said it expects to exceed its 2011 profit forecast.

(Reporting By Chuck Mikolajczak; editing by Jeffrey Benkoe)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/business/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111220/bs_nm/us_markets_stocks

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#SciAmBlogs Tuesday - visual illusions, Higgs, blind mole rats, bullfrogs and more...

By Bora Zivkovic?| December 13, 2011 |??

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About the Author: Bora Zivkovic is the Blog Editor at Scientific American, chronobiologist, biology teacher, organizer of ScienceOnline conferences and editor of Open Laboratory anthologies of best science writing on the Web. Follow on Twitter @boraz.

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Scientist Makes Pitch for Massachusetts Cold Fusion Plant (LiveScience.com)

Italian scientist Andrea Rossi, who claims to have invented the world's first cold fusion machine, visited Massachusetts last week, meeting with a state senator and several scientists to explore the possibility of manufacturing cold fusion reactors in the state.

Despite heavy skepticism in the scientific community about his work, Rossi came stateside at the invitation of Massachusetts Senate minority leader Bruce Tarr, a Republican who has been active in pursuing alternative energy legislation. "My thought process was pretty simple: If it works, I want this technology to be developed and manufactured in Massachusetts," Tarr told The Boston Globe.

Rossi claims that his energy catalyzer, or "E-Cat," uses a small amount of input energy to trigger atoms of hydrogen and nickel to fuse together, giving off gobs of heat in the process. The excess heat, equivalent to more than 10 times the energy that was put in, can then be used to boil water to produce steam and ultimately generate electricity.

The process is an attractive energy solution for two reasons: Unlike in nuclear fission, cold fusion doesn't give off dangerous radiation. And unlike the fusion processes that take place in the sun, cold fusion doesn't require unachievably high temperatures.

However, in the two decades since experimentalists first claimed to have demonstrated the strange reaction, the line of research has largely been discredited. Most physicists think cold fusion is theoretically impossible, and devices that seem at first to demonstrate it generally fail to stand up to scrutiny. Today, the United States Department of Energy, academic journals and the U.S. Patent Office all consider cold fusion machines to be hoaxes.

Nonetheless, Rossi has heated up the cold fusion debate once again this year. He hasn't revealed much about the inner workings of his E-Cat machine, citing the fact that it isn't yet patent-protected, but a handful of scientists have attended demonstrations of the device in Bologna, Italy, and have given it a nod of approval, saying it produces too much excess energy to be utilizing a simple chemical reaction.

Rossi said he has sold 13 E-Cat units since a demo in October. [Italian Cold Fusion Machine Passes Another Test]

Along with Tarr, Rossi met with representatives from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Northeastern University and the University of Massachusetts on his recent trip. Those in attendance said the meeting was mainly spent discussing the logistics of setting up manufacturing of household cold fusion power generators in the state, rather than the validity of the science behind cold fusion.

"Knowing the reputation of cold fusion, I went in with a very healthy level of skepticism," said Robert Tamarin, dean of sciences at University of Massachusetts, Lowell. That said, he added, "If it?s successful, no wants to have to say later that we walked away from it."

Rossi said he plans to come back to Massachusetts soon, and hopes things will move quickly. "We are all hoping to get something started in a matter of weeks, not months," he said.

Follow Natalie Wolchover on Twitter @nattyover. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter @llmysteries, then join us on Facebook.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/science/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20111205/sc_livescience/scientistmakespitchformassachusettscoldfusionplant

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